ANAYASA YARGISINDA BİREYSEL BAŞVURU YOLU VE TÜRKİYE’DE GELİŞİMİ
Date
2013-06-15
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Anayasa yargısı, Anayasa hukukuna uygunluğu doğrudan güvence
altına alan ve mahkemelerce yerine getirilen her türlü yargısal faaliyet olarak
tanımlanabilir. Yazılı ve sert anayasaların bulunduğu sistemlerde, siyasi
iradenin benimsemesi sonucu kanunların anayasaya aykırı olamayacağının
denetim işi ve özgürlükleri koruma fonksiyonu anayasa yargısına
bırakılmıştır.
Anayasa Mahkemesinin temel görevi kuşkusuz anayasa ile gösterilmiş
normların Anayasaya uygunluğunu denetlemektir. Anayasa mahkemesi bu
denetimini “dava yolu” ve “itiraz yolu” ile yerine getirirken 7 Mayıs 2010
tarihinde TBMM tarafından kabul edilip 13 Mayıs 2010 tarihli Resmi
Gazete’de yayınlanan, ancak 12 Eylül 2010 tarihli halkoylaması sonucunda
geçerli oyların %57,88’ini alarak 23.09.2010 günlü 27708 sayılı Resmi
Gazetede yayınlanarak yürürlüğe giren 5982 sayılı Anayasa Değişikliği
Hakkında Kanun ile Anayasamızın 148. Maddesine eklenen fıkralarla
“bireysel başvuru yolu” da eklenmiştir.
Anayasamızın 148. maddesi ve 30.03.2011 tarihli Anayasa
Mahkemesinin Kuruluşu ve Yargılama Usulleri Hakkında 6216 sayılı kanunun
45-51. maddeleri ile yasal dayanağı oluşturulan bireysel başvuru yolu, temel
hak ve hürriyetleri kamu gücü tarafından ihlal edilen bireylerin başka başvuru
yollarını tükettikten sonra Anayasa Mahkemesine başvurmalarıdır.
Bireysel başvuru, anayasal bir yargı yoludur. Bireysel başvuru, temel
hak ve özgürlüklerin ulusal düzlemde korunması amacı ile başvurulabilecek
istisnai ve ikincil nitelikte son hukuki çaredir. Bu anlamda bireysel başvuru
yolu, bireylerin subjektif hak ve özgürlüklerine yönelmiş hukuk dışı
muamelelerin önüne geçmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Anayasa Mahkemesine bireysel başvuru yolu, yasal olarak çok iyi
düzenlenmiş olsa da, bu konudaki başarı, Anayasa Mahkemesinin temel hak
ve özgürlükler lehinde istikrarlı bir tutum izlemesine ve yetkilerini hukuka
uygunluğun sınırları içerisinde kullanmasına bağlıdır.
Description
Individual Application in Constitutional
Jurisdiction and its Development in Turkey
ABSTRACT: Constitutional jurisdiction can be defined as all jurisdictional activities, secured for conformance by the Constitutional law and realized by the courts. Systems with written and solid constitutions, supervising the confliction of laws with the constitution and the function of preserving liberties are assigned to the constitutional jurisdiction through the adoption of the political will. The fundamental function of the Constitutional Court is undisputedly supervising the conformance to the Constitution of the norms designated by the Constitution. While the constitutional court performs this supervision through “legal remedies” and “contention of unconstitutionality”, the “individual application option” has also been added through the provisions in Article 148 of the Law on the Amendment of the Constitution numbered 5982 which was adopted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) on 7 May 2010 and published on the Official Gazette dated 13 May 2010 but came into force upon its announcement in the Official Gazette 23.09.2010 numbered 27708 receiving 57,88% of the public vote dated 12 September 2010. The individual application option, having is legal basis on the Article 148 of the Constitution as well as the articles 45 to 51 of the law numbered 6216 regarding the Foundation of the Constitutional Court and Judicial Procedures dated 30.03.2011, enables the individuals whose fundamental rights and freedoms are violated by public power, to apply to the Constitutional Court where no other legal solution remains. The individual application is a constitutional judicial remedy. The individual application is the last legal remedy of an exceptional and secondary nature that the individuals can apply for the preservation of fundamental rights and freedoms on a national platform. In this context, the individual application aims to prevent unlawful proceedings against the subjective rights and freedoms of individuals. Although the individual application to the Constitutional Court is legally well-regulated, the success on this issue is conditional upon the consistent attitude of the Constitutional Court in favor of the fundamental rights and freedoms and the Court’s use of its authorities within the boundaries of compliance to the law.
ABSTRACT: Constitutional jurisdiction can be defined as all jurisdictional activities, secured for conformance by the Constitutional law and realized by the courts. Systems with written and solid constitutions, supervising the confliction of laws with the constitution and the function of preserving liberties are assigned to the constitutional jurisdiction through the adoption of the political will. The fundamental function of the Constitutional Court is undisputedly supervising the conformance to the Constitution of the norms designated by the Constitution. While the constitutional court performs this supervision through “legal remedies” and “contention of unconstitutionality”, the “individual application option” has also been added through the provisions in Article 148 of the Law on the Amendment of the Constitution numbered 5982 which was adopted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) on 7 May 2010 and published on the Official Gazette dated 13 May 2010 but came into force upon its announcement in the Official Gazette 23.09.2010 numbered 27708 receiving 57,88% of the public vote dated 12 September 2010. The individual application option, having is legal basis on the Article 148 of the Constitution as well as the articles 45 to 51 of the law numbered 6216 regarding the Foundation of the Constitutional Court and Judicial Procedures dated 30.03.2011, enables the individuals whose fundamental rights and freedoms are violated by public power, to apply to the Constitutional Court where no other legal solution remains. The individual application is a constitutional judicial remedy. The individual application is the last legal remedy of an exceptional and secondary nature that the individuals can apply for the preservation of fundamental rights and freedoms on a national platform. In this context, the individual application aims to prevent unlawful proceedings against the subjective rights and freedoms of individuals. Although the individual application to the Constitutional Court is legally well-regulated, the success on this issue is conditional upon the consistent attitude of the Constitutional Court in favor of the fundamental rights and freedoms and the Court’s use of its authorities within the boundaries of compliance to the law.
Keywords
public law