Department of English Language and Literature
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Browsing Department of English Language and Literature by Author "Aras, Gökşen"
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Item A MARXIST APPROACH TO CHILD LABOUR IN OLIVER TWIST, DAVID COPERFIELD, AND HARD TIMES(2022-02-24) Haroon, Yahia; Aras, GökşenThe thesis aims to study the theme of child labour in Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, and Hard Times with regard to Marxist approach. The ideas that are to be highlighted are the exploitation and abuse of children during the time in which these three novels are written. For instance, in Oliver Twist the appalling conditions in the workhouse, pocket picking, prostitution, and criticism of the Poor law in 1834 will be studied. In David Copperfield, many social issues might be found; Dickens focuses on the child mistreatment and beating by giving examples for that. The first example is that, David is beaten and mistreated by his stepfather and his sister. In the second example, students in Salem House School are abused and beaten. As for class difference and its influence, Dickens creates two models. Steerforth from upper class and Mr. Mell from the lower class. Dickens shows how Mr. Mell is fired from school after confronting Steerforth. In Hard Times, inserting material ideas into the mind of school children run by Mr. Creakle who is adopting the idea of Utilitarianism. All in all, the above mentioned and the related topics are to be analyzed in accordance with the Marxist ideology to reveal upper class' exploitation of the working class or the poor in general.Item INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY: A STUDY ON THE INFERIORITY FRUSTRATION IN DON JUAN AND J. ALFRED PRUFROCK; THE QUEST FOR LOVE AND SEXUALITY(2022-01-18) Alhgam, Mohammed Yahya.; Aras, GökşenThis thesis explores the effect of the inferiority feelings and the need for intimacy upon the mentality of Prufrock and Don Juan as different cases in different situations. Both personas suffer from their vulnerability toward their societies yet they react differently and choose different methods in compensations. The inferiority feelings and the need for sexual activities and intimacy are the same for each persona, but the way of handling such burden and desire lays completely on the persona itself. This study shows how Prufrock, a passive character, suffers from his inability to act toward his goals and get trapped in an inferiority complex, while Don Juan learns and adapts himself to live wth his inferiorities and compensate them at the end. The sexual need of Don Juan is fulfilled but he keeps falling as a victim to his vulnerability, which shows that Prufrock’s repressed sexual desires will not cure his disturbed mentality in case they are fulfilled. Understanding the movements that these poems belong to and analyzing the two personas’ backgrounds, societies and surrounding characters are key elements in understanding these personas’ mentality. The thesis will focus on the psychological theory of Alfred Adler, and Individual Psychology. This theory is used as an interpretation method in order to understand the two personas’ situations and behaviors. The study works on spotting the inferiority feelings in each persona and analyzing their personalities, goals and social interests accordingly.Item THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE AS A MOTIVATION TO GET THE DESIRED OBJECT AS REFLECTED IN ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON’S TREASURE ISLAND, KIDNAPPED, AND THE BLACK ARROW(2022-02-15) Balani, Adyar Saadi; Aras, GökşenThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the concept of the pleasure principle of the main characters in Treasure Island, Kidnapped and The Black Arrow, and to investigate different kinds of the desired objects that they intend to obtain. The theoretical chapter discusses the concept of pleasure principle and how it triggers people to follow the desires. While some desires in the real world are accepted, some others do not follow the moral principles or they are not accepted by society. In this light, the desires are discussed in order to explore the objectives that make people venture and seek different ways to get them. Treasure Island is mainly about the life of Jim Hawkins when he voyages with a group of ambitious sailors in order to find a buried treasure. The novel centres on the pleasure and ambition of Jim and the other characters for getting the treasure. The thesis focuses on the desires of these sailors who are selfish characters. In Kidnapped, there is a struggle between David and Ebenezer, David's uncle, on the inheritance which is left by David’s father and Ebenezer. David ventures his life and travels many miles so as to have his share in the inheritance. Ebenezer tries to get rid of Davie using different ways so that he may not lose the property. While in The Black Arrow, Richard Shelton loves Joanna Sedley and wants to get married to her, but he has a rival named Sir Daniel who imprisons Joanna; therefore, Richard becomes a knight and fights Sir Daniel for the sake of Joanna. There are many difficulties that come to the way of Richard while he tries to get married to his desired object, Joanna. The girl becomes precious and desired object as she is proposed by several suitors. The conclusion will compare Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and The Black Arrow and draws out the differences and parallels concerning the pleasure principle of the ambitious characters and how their desires urge them to work hard in order to get their desired object. It also discusses the behaviours of the characters and how they change from peaceful characters to savage ones.