thesis.page.titleprefix ÇATIŞMA ALTINDAKİ DÜNYA MİRAS ALANLARINDA UNESCO’NUN VE TARAF DEVLETLERİN TUTUMU: DİYARBAKIR SURLARI, HEVSEL BAHÇELERİ VE SURİÇİ BÖLGESİ
Date
2023-01-26
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Geçmişi M.Ö. 3000 yıllarına kadar uzanan kadim Diyarbakır Kenti, jeo-politik
önemi nedeniyle yüzyıllar boyunca bölgenin odak noktası özelliğini taşımış, birçok
medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Kentin ilk yerleşimi olan Suriçi Bölgesinde, 19.
yüzyılın ikinci yarısında sur dışına açılma başlamıştır. Suriçi Bölgesi, 1988’de
kentsel sit alanı ilan edilmiştir. 8 Temmuz 2015’te “Diyarbakır Kalesi ve Hevsel
Bahçeleri Kültürel Peyzajı” Dünya Mirası olarak tescillenmiş; tescillenen alanlara
1. Derece tampon bölge konumunda olması nedeniyle, Suriçi Bölgesi de koruma
altına alınmıştır. 2012 Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı ve UNESCO için hazırlanan
Alan Yönetim Planı kararları uygulanamadan, bölgede çatışmalar başlamış ve alana
giriş çıkışlar kapatılmıştır. 2 Aralık 2015-10 Mart 2016 arası yaşanan çatışma
süreci sonucunda alanda mekânsal tahribat yaşanmış, pek çok mahallede büyük
hasarlar oluşmuş; nihayetinde, yoğun ve hızlı bir mekânsal dönüşüm süreci
başlamıştır. Bu tezin temel amacı, çatışma altındaki dünya miras alanlarında
UNESCO’nun ve taraf devletlerin tutumunu irdelemektir. Tezin diğer amacı
çatışmanın kent mekânlarındaki etkisini incelemektir. Amaca koşut olarak tezin
hedefi, Diyarbakır Surlarını, Hevsel Bahçelerini dünya miras alanı olarak ve
Suriçi’ni tampon bölge olarak tescilleyen UNESCO’nun ve taraf devlet
Türkiye'nin, alanda yaşanan çatışma sürecindeki ve sonrasındaki tutumunu
irdelemektir. Çatışma sürecinde Suriçi’nde yaşanan mekânsal tahribatın ve
sonrasındaki mekânsal değişimin ve planlama sürecinin incelenmesi tezin bir diğer
hedefidir. Tezde, çatışma öncesinde, sürecinde ve sonrasında, Surlar, Hevsel
Bahçeleri ve Suriçi’nin mekânsal yapılanması ve planlama süreci detaylı olarak
incelenmiş, karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş, çatışma sürecinin ve sonrasının
raporları ve toplantı kararları temelinde UNESCO’nun ve Türkiye'nin tutumu
ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulguların ve verilerin
değerlendirilmesiyle tezde, çatışma sürecinde alanda büyük tahribatlar oluştuğu,
UNESCO’nun kararlarının sadece tavsiye niteliğinde olduğu, yetkisi olmasına
rağmen yaptırım gücünün olmaması nedeniyle UNESCO'nun kurumsal kimliğinin
bir kez daha sorgulanması gerektiği, Türkiye'nin de UNESCO'nun tavsiye
kararlarına uymadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Description
THE ATTITUDE OF UNESCO AND STATE PARTIES TOWARDS WORLD
HERITAGE AREAS IN CONFLICT: THE CASE OF DİYARBAKIR
FORTRESS, HEVSEL GARDENS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND SURİCİ
DISTRICT
ABSTRACT: Dating back to 3000 BC, the ancient city of Diyarbakir has been an important focal point for the region for centuries due to its geo-political importance and has hosted many civilizations. In the second half of the 19th century, expansions outside the city walls began from the Suriçi Region, the first settlement of the city. Suriçi Region was declared an urban protected area in 1988. On July 8, 2015 “Diyarbakir Castle and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape” was registered as a World Heritage Site; Suriçi Region, due to its location as the first-degree buffer zone to the registered areas, has also been taken under protection. Before the decisions taken in the 2012 Conservation Development Plan and the Site Management Plan prepared for UNESCO could be fully implemented, conflicts started in the region and entry to the area was prohibited. The conflict between December 2, 2015, and March 10, 2016, has caused spatial destruction in the area, and great damage occurred in many neighborhoods, which resulted in an intense and rapid process of spatial transformation. The main purpose of this thesis is the attitude of UNESCO and state parties towards world heritage areas. The other aim of the thesis is to examine the effect of conflict on urban spaces. In line with this purpose, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the attitude of UNESCO, which has registered Diyarbakir Wall and Hevsel Garden as a world heritage and Suriçi as a buffer zone, and state party Turkey’s during and after the conflict. Another aim of the thesis is to examine the spatial destruction of Suriçi during the conflict and the spatial change and planning process experienced after it. In this thesis, spatial transformation and planning process of the Walls, Hevsel Gardens and Suriçi before, during, and after the conflict were examined in detail, evaluated comparatively, and the attitude of UNESCO and state party Turkey’s were tried to be revealed considering the reports and meeting decisions of the conflict process and aftermath. Evaluation of the findings and the data obtained reveals that there was great destruction in the area during the conflict, to which UNESCO remained as an observer and only had advisory effects towards, Evaluation of the findings and the data obtained reveals that there was great destruction in the area during the conflict, UNESCO's decisions were only advisory, UNESCO's institutional identity should be questioned once again due to the lack of sanctioning power despite its authority, and also Turkey does not comply with the recommendations of UNESCO
ABSTRACT: Dating back to 3000 BC, the ancient city of Diyarbakir has been an important focal point for the region for centuries due to its geo-political importance and has hosted many civilizations. In the second half of the 19th century, expansions outside the city walls began from the Suriçi Region, the first settlement of the city. Suriçi Region was declared an urban protected area in 1988. On July 8, 2015 “Diyarbakir Castle and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape” was registered as a World Heritage Site; Suriçi Region, due to its location as the first-degree buffer zone to the registered areas, has also been taken under protection. Before the decisions taken in the 2012 Conservation Development Plan and the Site Management Plan prepared for UNESCO could be fully implemented, conflicts started in the region and entry to the area was prohibited. The conflict between December 2, 2015, and March 10, 2016, has caused spatial destruction in the area, and great damage occurred in many neighborhoods, which resulted in an intense and rapid process of spatial transformation. The main purpose of this thesis is the attitude of UNESCO and state parties towards world heritage areas. The other aim of the thesis is to examine the effect of conflict on urban spaces. In line with this purpose, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the attitude of UNESCO, which has registered Diyarbakir Wall and Hevsel Garden as a world heritage and Suriçi as a buffer zone, and state party Turkey’s during and after the conflict. Another aim of the thesis is to examine the spatial destruction of Suriçi during the conflict and the spatial change and planning process experienced after it. In this thesis, spatial transformation and planning process of the Walls, Hevsel Gardens and Suriçi before, during, and after the conflict were examined in detail, evaluated comparatively, and the attitude of UNESCO and state party Turkey’s were tried to be revealed considering the reports and meeting decisions of the conflict process and aftermath. Evaluation of the findings and the data obtained reveals that there was great destruction in the area during the conflict, to which UNESCO remained as an observer and only had advisory effects towards, Evaluation of the findings and the data obtained reveals that there was great destruction in the area during the conflict, UNESCO's decisions were only advisory, UNESCO's institutional identity should be questioned once again due to the lack of sanctioning power despite its authority, and also Turkey does not comply with the recommendations of UNESCO
Keywords
Architecture