ADANA KIZ LİSESİ’NİN (ASKERİ RÜŞTİYE OKULU) KÜLTÜREL MİRAS KAPSAMINDA MEKÂNSAL ANALİZİ
Date
2022-01-20
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Abstract
Bir topluma özgü dil, din, edebiyat, güzel sanatlar, kent ve mimarlık, ekonomi,
gelenek ve görenekler, gibi kavramlar bir araya gelerek kültürü oluşturmaktadır. Bu
kavramların nesillere aktarımında kültürel miras olgusu önemli bir role sahiptir.
Kültürel miras yönetimi ile toplumların tarihi birikimleriyle birlikte somut ve soyut
kültür öğelerinin gelecek kuşaklara aktarımı amaçlanmaktadır. Kültürel miras
yönetiminde temel hedef, koruma ve yaşatma ilkesi olmuştur. Bu tez çalışmasında
kültürel miras kapsamında, Adana’nın mimari kimliğini oluşturan tescilli yapılarından
Adana Kız Lisesi olarak bilinen yapı incelenmiştir. II. Abdülhamit Dönemi’nde
Anadolu’ da inşa edilen askeri rüştiyelerin ilk örneklerinden biri olma özelliğini
taşıyan yapı Adana Askeri Rüştiyesi (1883) olarak inşa edilmiştir. Yapının inşa
edildiği dönemden başlanarak, idadi, sultani, lise ve Adana Kız Lisesi (1932-1998)
dönemine kadar ve daha sonraki süreçte (2004-2006) bakım ve onarım çalışmalarını
analiz edebilmek için tarihi çevresiyle birlikte geçirdiği işlevsel ve yapısal
değişiklikleri tespit edebilmek için tarihi kaynaklar, ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlardan elde
edilen belgeler, çizim ve görsellere ulaşılarak literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Yapının
mimari üslubu, cephe ve plan şeması ile birlikte değerlendirilerek cephe, plan ve
mekân özelliklerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Bunun için merkez İstanbul’da inşa edilen
askeri rüştiyelere örnek olarak Fatih Askeri Rüştiyesi, Anadolu’da inşa edilen
Kastamonu Askeri Rüştiyesi - Mektebi Mülkiye İdadisi ve Kayseri Askeri Rüştiyesi
Mektebi - Mülkiye İdadisi örnek seçilerek karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yapı, 1998 yılındaki deprem sonrası lise işlevini kaybetmiş ve boşaltıldıktan
sonraki bir tadilattan sonra Kültür ve Sanat Merkezi (2006-2018) olarak kullanılmaya
başlanmıştır. Bu dönüşüm sürecindeki mekânsal değişimler, alan çalışması ile yerinde
incelenmiş, fotoğraf ve çizimler yapılarak restorasyon sonrası müdahaleler tespit
edilmiştir. Yapılan tüm araştırmalar sonucunda edinilen bilgiler, kültürel miras
kapsamında ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası tüzük, bildirge, sözleşme ve ilkeler doğrultusunda, yapının ilk halinden günümüze dönüşüm süreci karşılaştırmalı olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Bu süreçte, özellikle cephe ve iç mekanda yapılan değişiklikler
tespit edilmeye, yeniden işlevlendirme kararının uygulanabilirliği, restorasyon sonrası
müdahaleler ve yapının özgünlüğünü ne kadar koruduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Yapılan değerlendirmelere bağlı olarak, belge niteliği taşıyan tarihi yapıların gelecek
kuşaklara aktarımı için yeniden işlevlendirme öncesinde kullanımı konusunda net
kararlar alınması, yapının özgünlüğünü koruyarak dönüşümünün sağlanması için
mekânların yeni işlevine dönük gereksinimlerinin planlanması ve tasarlanması,
restorasyon sonrası kullanımda da koruma ilke ve yöntemlerine uyulması gerektiği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Description
Spatial Analysis of Adana Girls High School
(Military School) within the Scope of Cultural Heritage
ABSTRACT: Elements specific to a society such as language, religion, literature, fine arts, cities and architecture, economy, traditions and customs; come together and form the culture of that society. Culture heritage has a specific role in passing down the abovementioned from generations to generations. The aim of cultural heritage management is to pass down tangible and intangible cultural elements to future generations along with the historical accumulations of a society. Main objective in the management of cultural heritage has always been the principle of conserving and maintaining. One of Adana’s registered landmarks known as Adana Girls High School, which is reflecting Adana’s architectural identity, examined within the concept of cultural heritage in this thesis. This structure, which carries the characteristics of one of the first examples of military schools built in Anatolia, was built as Adana Military School (1883) during the period of Abdulhamit II. For the purpose of literature review, historical resources, documents, illustrations and visuals acquired from relevant institutions and organizations were used in order to specify the functional and structural changes along with the historical environment for the purpose of analyzing maintenance and restoration works of the structure starting from the period of the its construction until the period of its uses as high school, school sultani and as Adana Girls High School (1932-1998) and for future references (2004-2006). The order of the structure is reviewed along with façade and plan scheme for the purpose of making façade, plan and space specifications analysis. In order to do this, Fatih Military School built in central İstanbul and Kastamonu Military School–Middle School and Kayseri Military School built in Anatolia are selectively chosen as examples for comparison. The structure lost its function as a high school after an earthquake in 1998 and following a modification after the evacuation, it was used as Culture and Arts Center (2006-2018). Spatial changes during this transformation period were examined on-site along with spatial examinations and post-restoration interventions were determined by taking photos and making relevant drawings. Information acquired as a result of all the researches, initial state of the structure and its transformation until today were comparatively evaluated in accordance with national and international rules, declaration, agreements and principles within the scope of cultural heritage. During this process, the main purpose was to determine the changes made On facade and in the interior, to evaluate the feasibility of refunctioning decision, post-restoration interferences and how well the authenticity of the structure is preserved. Depending on the assessments being made, it has been concluded that; it is necessary to take distinct decisions for the purpose of its use before refunctioning, to make plans and designs for requirements pertaining to new functions of places to attain the transformation by preserving the authenticity of the structure. It is also necessary to follow the preservation principles and methods for post-restoration use for the purpose of conveying certificatory historical structures to future generations.
ABSTRACT: Elements specific to a society such as language, religion, literature, fine arts, cities and architecture, economy, traditions and customs; come together and form the culture of that society. Culture heritage has a specific role in passing down the abovementioned from generations to generations. The aim of cultural heritage management is to pass down tangible and intangible cultural elements to future generations along with the historical accumulations of a society. Main objective in the management of cultural heritage has always been the principle of conserving and maintaining. One of Adana’s registered landmarks known as Adana Girls High School, which is reflecting Adana’s architectural identity, examined within the concept of cultural heritage in this thesis. This structure, which carries the characteristics of one of the first examples of military schools built in Anatolia, was built as Adana Military School (1883) during the period of Abdulhamit II. For the purpose of literature review, historical resources, documents, illustrations and visuals acquired from relevant institutions and organizations were used in order to specify the functional and structural changes along with the historical environment for the purpose of analyzing maintenance and restoration works of the structure starting from the period of the its construction until the period of its uses as high school, school sultani and as Adana Girls High School (1932-1998) and for future references (2004-2006). The order of the structure is reviewed along with façade and plan scheme for the purpose of making façade, plan and space specifications analysis. In order to do this, Fatih Military School built in central İstanbul and Kastamonu Military School–Middle School and Kayseri Military School built in Anatolia are selectively chosen as examples for comparison. The structure lost its function as a high school after an earthquake in 1998 and following a modification after the evacuation, it was used as Culture and Arts Center (2006-2018). Spatial changes during this transformation period were examined on-site along with spatial examinations and post-restoration interventions were determined by taking photos and making relevant drawings. Information acquired as a result of all the researches, initial state of the structure and its transformation until today were comparatively evaluated in accordance with national and international rules, declaration, agreements and principles within the scope of cultural heritage. During this process, the main purpose was to determine the changes made On facade and in the interior, to evaluate the feasibility of refunctioning decision, post-restoration interferences and how well the authenticity of the structure is preserved. Depending on the assessments being made, it has been concluded that; it is necessary to take distinct decisions for the purpose of its use before refunctioning, to make plans and designs for requirements pertaining to new functions of places to attain the transformation by preserving the authenticity of the structure. It is also necessary to follow the preservation principles and methods for post-restoration use for the purpose of conveying certificatory historical structures to future generations.
Keywords
interior architecture