TARİHİ YAPILARIN YENİDEN İŞLEVLENDİRİLMESİ: BİTLİS EL-AMAN KERVANSARAYI ÖRNEĞİ
Date
2020-11-10
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Abstract
Bitlis yaklaşık 3 bin yıllık bir geçmişe sahip, tarihi İpek Yolu üzerinde
kurulmuş konumu itibariyle stratejik anlamda son derece önemli bir kenttir.
Kuruluşundan günümüze birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapan kent; tarihi dokusu,
geleneksel konutları ve anıtsal yapıları ile binlerce asırlık kültürel mirası günümüze
taşımıştır. Kültürel öneminin yanında ticaret aksının üzerinde bulunması, kentin
anıtsal yapılarının gelişim sürecini oluşturmuştur. Anıtsal yapı türleri içinde, ticaretin
bir gereksinimi olarak ortaya çıkan kervansarayların, Bitlis’te birçok zengin örneği
bulunmaktadır. Bitlis’teki kervansarayların bazıları günümüze değin varlığını
koruyamamış, bazıları ise restorasyon süreçlerinin ardından yeni işlevler
kazandırılarak kullanıma açılmıştır. Sözü edilen anıtsal yapılar hakkında yeterince
literatürün bulunmaması da çalışmanın başlıca motivasyonlarından biridir.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, kervansarayların ve ticaret yollarının geçirdiği
süreçlerin ardından Bitlis’in ticaret yollarındaki yeri, Bitlis hanlarının ve
kervansaraylarının mimari özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tarihi yapılarda yeniden
işlevlendirme yöntemi, teknikleri ve uygulama kriterleri yeniden işlevlendirilen
kervansaray örnekleri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından Bitlis’te yeniden
işlevlendirilen, 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında inşa edilmiş olan tarihi El Aman
Kervansarayının özgün mimarisi ve mevcut durumu incelenmiştir. Strüktürel,
malzeme ve yapım tekniği kapsamında, yeniden işlevlendirilen yapının mevcut işlevi
ile koordinasyonu gözlemlenmiştir. Tezin son bölümünde ise gerçekleştirilen
gözlemler bağlamında mekân-işlev değerlendirmesi yapılmış, değerlendirme
sonucunda seçilen işlevin yapı üzerindeki etkileri belirtilmiştir. Değerlendirme ile
ulaşılan sonuçlar çerçevesinde tarihi yapının fonksiyon performansı, mevcut
performansın yapıya sağladığı olumlu ve olumsuz katkılara değinilmiştir. Tarihi
yapılarda yeniden işlevlendirme kriterleri bağlamında önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Description
Re-functioning Of Historical Buildings: Bitlis El-Aman Kervansaray
ABSTRACT: Bitlis has a history of about three thousand years and is a strategically important city due to its location on the historical ‘İpek Yolu‘ The city that has hosted many civilizations since its foundation ; with its historical texture, traditional residences and monumental buildings, it has brought thousands of centuries of cultural heritage to the present day. Besides its cultural importance, its presence on trade routes has formed the development process of the monumental structures of the city. Among the monumental building types, there are many rich examples of caravanserais that emerged as a requirement of trade in Bitlis. Some of the caravanserais in Bitlis have not survived until today, some of them have been brought into use after the restoration processes. Lack of enough literature about the mentioned monumental structures is one of the main motivations of the study. In the content of this study, the place of Bitlis on trade roads after the processes of caravanserais and trade routes, the architectural features of Bitlis inns and caravanserai have been examined. The re functioning method, reconstruction and application criteria in historical buildings have been evulated over the functionalized caravanserai example. Then, the original architecture and current situation of the historical El Aman Kervansaray, which was re-functionalized in Bitlis and built in the second half of the 16th century, was examined. Coordination of the reprogramming building with its current function was observed within the scope of structural, material and construction technique. In the last part of the thesis, place-function evaluation was made in the context of the observations made, and the effects of the function selected as a result of the evaluation on the structure were stated. Within the framework of the results obtained with the evaluation, the functional performance of the historical building and the positive and negative contributions of the current performance to the building are mentioned. Suggestions have been made in the context of re-functioning criteria in historical buildings.
ABSTRACT: Bitlis has a history of about three thousand years and is a strategically important city due to its location on the historical ‘İpek Yolu‘ The city that has hosted many civilizations since its foundation ; with its historical texture, traditional residences and monumental buildings, it has brought thousands of centuries of cultural heritage to the present day. Besides its cultural importance, its presence on trade routes has formed the development process of the monumental structures of the city. Among the monumental building types, there are many rich examples of caravanserais that emerged as a requirement of trade in Bitlis. Some of the caravanserais in Bitlis have not survived until today, some of them have been brought into use after the restoration processes. Lack of enough literature about the mentioned monumental structures is one of the main motivations of the study. In the content of this study, the place of Bitlis on trade roads after the processes of caravanserais and trade routes, the architectural features of Bitlis inns and caravanserai have been examined. The re functioning method, reconstruction and application criteria in historical buildings have been evulated over the functionalized caravanserai example. Then, the original architecture and current situation of the historical El Aman Kervansaray, which was re-functionalized in Bitlis and built in the second half of the 16th century, was examined. Coordination of the reprogramming building with its current function was observed within the scope of structural, material and construction technique. In the last part of the thesis, place-function evaluation was made in the context of the observations made, and the effects of the function selected as a result of the evaluation on the structure were stated. Within the framework of the results obtained with the evaluation, the functional performance of the historical building and the positive and negative contributions of the current performance to the building are mentioned. Suggestions have been made in the context of re-functioning criteria in historical buildings.
Keywords
interior architecture and environmental design