AMERİKA’NIN IRAK İŞGALİNDEN GÜNÜMÜZE KUZEY IRAK’TA DEVLET İNŞA SÜRECİ
Date
2015-12-17
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Abstract
Uzun yıllar Kürtlerin yoğun olarak yaşadıkları bir bölge olan Kuzey Irak,
günümüzde anayasal haklara sahip resmi bir federal bölge statüsündedir. Bölgedeki
etnik yapının çeşitliliği ve zengin petrol kaynaklarının varlığı, devletlerin bölgeye
ilgisini artırmıştır. Geçmişte Irak’a hâkimiyet kuran devletler kendi yönetim
modellerini uygulayarak yönetimlerini sürdürmeye çalışmışlardır. Amerika Birleşik
Devletleri’nin de bölgeye olan ilgisi ve Irak’ı işgali ile birlikte yeni bir süreç
başlamıştır. ABD’nin Irak’ı işgali sonrasında Irak’ta seçim sistemi ve anayasa
Lijphart’ın konsesyonalizm teorisinden esinlenerek meydana getirilmiştir.
Konsesyonalizm ya da eştoplumlaştırmacılık yönetim modeli, derinden ayrılıkların
yaşandığı ülkelerde farklı grupların temsil edildiği güç paylaşımı esaslı bir hükümet
yönetimi altında güvenlik ve refah içerisinde yaşanabileceğini savunmaktadır.
Derin etnik ve dini çatışmaların yaşandığı ülkelerde uygulama alanı bulan
konsesyonalizm ya da eştoplumlaştırmacılık teorisi zaman içerisinde etnik
milliyetçiliğin etkisiyle ayrılıkçı hareketlerin devletleşme sürecine katkıda
bulunmaktadır. Bu hipotezden yola çıkarak Kuzey Irak’ta yaşanan gelişmeler 2003-
2007 ve 2007-2015 yılları arasında iki aşamada değerlendirilmiştir. Nihai amaç
Kuzey Irak’taki devlet inşa sürecini akademik bir tez zeminine oturtmak ve bilime
katkıda bulunmaktır.
Description
State Building Process in Northern Iraq from the America’s
Invasion of Iraq to the Present
ABSTRACT: Northern Iraq, a region mainly inhabited by Kurds of Iraq for many years, is nowadays an official federal district having constitutional rights. The diversity of the ethnic structure and the presence of rich oil resources in the region have increased the interest of the states towards the region. The states establishing sovereignty over Iraq in the past have tried to maintain their control by applying their regimes. The interest of the United States of America towards the region and the invasion of Iraq by the United States of America have commenced a new period. Following the invasion of Iraq by the United States of America; being inspired by Lijphart’s consociationalism theory, the electoral system and constitutional law in Iraq have been established. Consociationalism regime asserts that in the countries facing deep separation, people can live in security and prosperity under the control of the government which is based on power-sharing and where different groups are represented. Consociationalism theory, which is applied in the countries where deep ethnic and religious conflicts are experienced, has made contributions to the nationalization process of the separatist movements in the course of time under the influence of the ethnic nationalism. Based on this hypothesis, the developments in Northern Iraq have been evaluated in two stages in 2003-2007 and 2007-2015. The final aim is to provide an academic thesis background for the state building process in Northern Iraq and to make a contribution to the science.
ABSTRACT: Northern Iraq, a region mainly inhabited by Kurds of Iraq for many years, is nowadays an official federal district having constitutional rights. The diversity of the ethnic structure and the presence of rich oil resources in the region have increased the interest of the states towards the region. The states establishing sovereignty over Iraq in the past have tried to maintain their control by applying their regimes. The interest of the United States of America towards the region and the invasion of Iraq by the United States of America have commenced a new period. Following the invasion of Iraq by the United States of America; being inspired by Lijphart’s consociationalism theory, the electoral system and constitutional law in Iraq have been established. Consociationalism regime asserts that in the countries facing deep separation, people can live in security and prosperity under the control of the government which is based on power-sharing and where different groups are represented. Consociationalism theory, which is applied in the countries where deep ethnic and religious conflicts are experienced, has made contributions to the nationalization process of the separatist movements in the course of time under the influence of the ethnic nationalism. Based on this hypothesis, the developments in Northern Iraq have been evaluated in two stages in 2003-2007 and 2007-2015. The final aim is to provide an academic thesis background for the state building process in Northern Iraq and to make a contribution to the science.
Keywords
international relations