TÜRKİYE’DE İDARİ İŞLERİN YÜRÜTÜLMESİNDE SİYASETÇİ BÜROKRAT İLİŞKİSİ
Date
2021-10-10
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Abstract
Weber’in kuramsal alanda temellendirdiği bürokrasi kavramının birçok
tanımı bulunmaktadır. Bürokrasi; ‘bürokratların yönetimi, rasyonel örgüt, memurlar
tarafından yönetim,’ gibi tanımları literatürde yer almaktadır. Bürokrasi toplumda
daha çok örgüt yapılarının olumsuzluklarına ya da güç tekelinin kötüye
kullanılmasını ifade eden, bir nevi kötüleyici kavram olarak nitelendirilmekte;
otoriteye aşırı bağımlılık, sorumluluktan kaçma, yetki devrinde isteksizlik gibi
durumlar bu ifadeye örnek gösterilmektedir. Bu kavramın tanımından ziyade, temel
öğelerini ve belirleyici faktörlerini nitelendirerek ‘ideal tip’ bürokrasiyi tanımlamaya
çalışan Weber; kamu ve özel alanların ayrılması, görevlerin önceden belli olduğu,
düzenli, gayrişahsilik gibi özelliklerin ve modern siyasal sistemin ihtiyaç duyduğu
bir örgüt tipi olarak nitelendirmiştir.
Weberyen anlayışta bürokrasi, yönetim şekli değil, yazılı kurallara dayalı,
profesyonellikle oluşturulup işlerin yürütüldüğü bir öğüt biçimidir. Bu şekilde ele
alındığında bürokrasi; uzmanlaşma, hiyerarşik yapı, iş bölümü, planlanma ve
örgütlenme çerçevesinde geniş kitlelerin yönetimini disiplin içerisinde
gerçekleştirmeyi gerektiren toplumun bir aşamasıdır. Weberyan anlayışta bürokrasi;
teknik açıdan diğer örgüt yapılarından üstün rasyonel bir örgüt biçimidir. Bu örgüt
biçimi ve siyaset kavramlarının birbirleri ile olan ilişkisi yadsınamaz bir gerçek olup
yapısal çerçevede; değişime ayak uyduramama, merkeziyetçilik, yönetimde gizlilik
ve dışa kapalılık gibi sorunlar görülürken; işlevsel çerçevede de siyasallaşma,
sorumluluktan kaçma, aracılar ile işlerin yürütülmesi, yolsuzluk ve kuralcılık gibi
sorunların mevcut sorunların görülebileceği bir sistemdir. Türk Kamu bürokrasisi bu
bağlamda etkin, kaliteli, verimli ve rasyonel hizmet verme hususunda sorunlar
yaşamaktadır.
Description
The Relationship between Politician and Bureaucrat in the
Management of Administrative Affairs in Turkey
ABSTRACT: There are many definitions of the concept of bureaucracy that Weber based on the theoretical field such as ‘management by bureaucrats’, ‘rational organization’, ‘administration by officials’. Bureaucracy is described as a kind of derogatory concept, which mostly expresses the negativities of organizational structures or the abuse of power monopoly. Situations such as excessive dependence on authority, avoidance of responsibility, and reluctance to delegate authority are given as examples for this expression. Weber, who tries to define the 'ideal type' bureaucracy by characterizing its basic elements and determining factors rather than the definition of this concept; described bureaucracy as an organization type that the modern political system and features such as separation of public and private spheres, predetermination of duties, orderliness, impersonality needs. In the Weberian understanding, bureaucracy is not a form of government but a form of advice based on written rules that is professionally formed and carried out. In that context, bureaucracy is a stage of society that requires the governance of large masses in a disciplined way within the framework of specialization, hierarchical structure, division of labor and organization. In the Weberian understanding, bureaucracy is a rational organizational form that is technically superior to other organizational structures. The relationship between this form of organization and the concepts of politics is an undeniable fact and while there are problems such as inability to get used to change, centralism, confidentiality in management and isolation in the structural framework; this organization type can be handled as a system in which there may be problems such as politicization, avoidance of responsibility, conduct of business with intermediaries, corruption and prescriptivism in the functional framework.
ABSTRACT: There are many definitions of the concept of bureaucracy that Weber based on the theoretical field such as ‘management by bureaucrats’, ‘rational organization’, ‘administration by officials’. Bureaucracy is described as a kind of derogatory concept, which mostly expresses the negativities of organizational structures or the abuse of power monopoly. Situations such as excessive dependence on authority, avoidance of responsibility, and reluctance to delegate authority are given as examples for this expression. Weber, who tries to define the 'ideal type' bureaucracy by characterizing its basic elements and determining factors rather than the definition of this concept; described bureaucracy as an organization type that the modern political system and features such as separation of public and private spheres, predetermination of duties, orderliness, impersonality needs. In the Weberian understanding, bureaucracy is not a form of government but a form of advice based on written rules that is professionally formed and carried out. In that context, bureaucracy is a stage of society that requires the governance of large masses in a disciplined way within the framework of specialization, hierarchical structure, division of labor and organization. In the Weberian understanding, bureaucracy is a rational organizational form that is technically superior to other organizational structures. The relationship between this form of organization and the concepts of politics is an undeniable fact and while there are problems such as inability to get used to change, centralism, confidentiality in management and isolation in the structural framework; this organization type can be handled as a system in which there may be problems such as politicization, avoidance of responsibility, conduct of business with intermediaries, corruption and prescriptivism in the functional framework.
Keywords
public administration and political science