TÜRKİYE’DE LİBERALİZM (1980–1999): NEO-LİBERAL POLİTİKALARIN TÜRK POLİTİK-EKONOMİSİNE ETKİLERİ
Date
2013-06-15
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Abstract
Bütün Dünya Devletlerini etkisi altında bırakan liberalizm, 20. Yüzyılda
dünya krizine girilmesiyle, müdahaleci devlet politikasını ortaya çıkarmış, devletin
iktisadi ve siyasi alanlarda kendini yeniden yapılandırması gereksinimini
doğurmuştur. Türkiye’de de 1970 yılına kadar uygulanan devletçilik politikası,
enflasyon, döviz darboğazı, terör olayları, işçi olayları ve siyasi istikrarsızlıkların
yaşanmasının ardından ülkenin daha da kötüye gitmesi, siyasi ve ekonomik
alanlarda yeniden yapılandırılma gereksinimini doğurmuştur. Türkiye’de yaşanan
siyasi istikrarsızlık ve toplumsal sorunların ekonomiyle birleşmesi, 1980 sonrası neo liberal dönüşümü getirmiştir. Bu döneme kadar, liberalizmin etkili olamamasının
nedeni ise, liberalizme yönelik girişimlerin, iktidar grupları ile örtüşememesi,
oluşturulan liberal yapının Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ekonomik politikaların
uygulanmasını tam anlamıyla gerçekleştirememesidir. Bu da ülkeyi daha zor duruma
sokmuştur.
Türkiye’de neo-liberal dönüşümün figürü olan Turgut Özal’la uygulanan 24
Ocak kararları ile Türk politik ekonomisinde tarihe geçen kararlar alınmış ve
liberalleşme ekseninde yapısal dönüşüm sağlanmıştır. Bu dönüşüm 12 Eylül askeri
darbesiyle uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Turgut Özal’la gerçekleştirilen neo-liberal
politikalar ile ekonomi dış rekabete açılmış, özelleştirmeler yapılmış ve devlet
küçültülmüştür. Bu durum ilk süreçte olumlu sonuçlar göstermesine rağmen, gerekli
sosyal, siyasal alt yapı oluşturulmadan uygulanmak istendiğinden sonraki
dönemlerde olumsuz sonuçların yaşanmasına neden olmuştur.
Özal iktidarı döneminde ekonomik alanda liberal temalar ön plana çıkarken,
liberalizmin siyasi yönü eksik kalmıştır. Bu dönemde, demokratikleşme ve insan
haklarına yönelik yeterli gelişme sağlanamamıştır. Özal’ın anlayışı, ekonomik
liberalleşmenin hem siyasi liberalizmi hem de demokratikleşmeyi beraberinde
getireceği doğrultusundaydı. Özal’ın Avrupa Birliği sürecindeki ısrarı sonucunda
1990 sonrası AB süreci bağlamındaki gelişmeler, hem ekonominin hem de siyasetin
Avrupa ile bütünleşmesi için Türkiye’de demokratikleşme çabalarını gündeme
getirmiştir.
Description
Liberalism in Turkey (1980–1999): The
Effects of Neo-liberal Policies of Turkish Political-Economy
ABSTRACT: All world government that liberalism, when the crisis emerged, interfering with the government understanding of the 20th century. The results of government policies has emerged from the economic and political reconstruction. This process Turkey led to the economic crisis, political and social problems. This issues, inflation, foreign Exchange bottleneck, terrorist incidents, employee events and political inability. This process has led to further worsening of Turkey. After 1980, Turkey political instability and social problems in the economy have made the transformation of neo-liberal. The reason for this period made in the direction of liberalism; liberalism effective interventions, the ruling group in politics and the liberal structure of nonoverlapping, the implementation of economic policies more difficult situation the country died. The figure of the neo liberal transformation in Turkey is Turgut Ozal on 24 January with the history and the economy of the Turkish political liberalization with decisions on the axis of the transformation. This transformation has found application to the military coup on September 12.Turgut Ozal in the neo liberal policies carried out with foreign competition opened the economy, with customizations were made and Government has decreased. This is the first positive results in the process, although the social, political, infrastructure can be built next to the desired periods of negative results be applied has been inflicted. Özal government in the economic field during the liberal themes to the fore, while the political aspect of liberalism have remained missing. During this period, the democratization did not provide significant improvement in the human rights context. The understanding of economic liberalisation and political liberalism of Ozal and democratization would entail. After 1990, Özal's insistence that the process of the European Union, both developments in the context of the process of the European Union, after the economy and the politics of European integration has brought the democratization efforts in Turkey.
ABSTRACT: All world government that liberalism, when the crisis emerged, interfering with the government understanding of the 20th century. The results of government policies has emerged from the economic and political reconstruction. This process Turkey led to the economic crisis, political and social problems. This issues, inflation, foreign Exchange bottleneck, terrorist incidents, employee events and political inability. This process has led to further worsening of Turkey. After 1980, Turkey political instability and social problems in the economy have made the transformation of neo-liberal. The reason for this period made in the direction of liberalism; liberalism effective interventions, the ruling group in politics and the liberal structure of nonoverlapping, the implementation of economic policies more difficult situation the country died. The figure of the neo liberal transformation in Turkey is Turgut Ozal on 24 January with the history and the economy of the Turkish political liberalization with decisions on the axis of the transformation. This transformation has found application to the military coup on September 12.Turgut Ozal in the neo liberal policies carried out with foreign competition opened the economy, with customizations were made and Government has decreased. This is the first positive results in the process, although the social, political, infrastructure can be built next to the desired periods of negative results be applied has been inflicted. Özal government in the economic field during the liberal themes to the fore, while the political aspect of liberalism have remained missing. During this period, the democratization did not provide significant improvement in the human rights context. The understanding of economic liberalisation and political liberalism of Ozal and democratization would entail. After 1990, Özal's insistence that the process of the European Union, both developments in the context of the process of the European Union, after the economy and the politics of European integration has brought the democratization efforts in Turkey.
Keywords
public administration and political science