OTTO WAGNER’İN POSTSPARKASSE İÇ MEKÂN TASARIMININ VİYANA’DA MODERNİZM, SANAT VE ENDÜSTRİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Date
2021-09-09
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Abstract
Bu tez, XX. yüzyıl başlarında Viyana’da mimar Otto Wagner’in Postsparkasse (1903-1912) yapısının, cephe, Giriş Holü, Büyük Gişe Salonu ve Küçük Gişe Salonu iç mekân tasarımlarını incelemektedir. Tez çalışmasının amacı Postsparkasse’nin incelenen bölümlerindeki tasarım unsurlarının, dönemin sanat, tasarım ve mimarlık ortamı ile etkileşiminin ve endüstrideki gelişmelerin tasarımlara nasıl yansıdığının araştırılmasıdır. Aynı zamanda endüstri devrimiyle birlikte Viyana’da geliştirilen bankaların bu tasarım üzerindeki etkilerinin, banka işleyişi ile mekânsal kurgu arasındaki bağlantının araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Viyana’da XIX. yüzyıldan XX. yüzyıla geçiş sürecinde kentteki sanat ve mimarideki faaliyetler aktarılmaktadır. Endüstri devriminin ardından üretim tekniklerindeki, malzemelerdeki gelişmeler ve kentte kurulan bankacılık sistemleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verilmektedir. Ardından Otto Wagner’in hayatı, eserleri ve modernizme yönelik çalışmaları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu anlatım sonrasında Postsparkasse yapısının cephe özellikleri, yükseltilmiş zemin kattaki incelemeye alınan mekânlar, mekân organizasyonu, yapısal unsurlar, donatı elemanları yönünden analiz edilmektedir. Yapının genel özelliklerinin iç mekân tasarımlarıyla bağlantısının ifade edilebilmesi için cepheler de inceleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Wagner’in proje tasarımı sürecinde yaptığı çizimleri ve modern mimariye dair söylemlerine de yer verilmektedir. Wagner’in, bu yapıdaki iç mekân tasarımlarında içinde bulunduğu dönemin mekânsal ihtiyaçlarını göz önünde bulundurduğu düşünülmektedir. Tez çalışması sonunda yapının cephe ve iç mekân tasarımlarında, malzeme, üretim teknikleri, yapı sistemleri açısından endüstrideki gelişmelerin öncül bir biçimde kullanıldığı, mekân tasarımları ve organizasyonlarında kullanıcıların gereksinimlerine bağlı olarak işlevselliğin ön planda tutulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nitelikler Postsparkasse yapısının modern mimarinin öncül yapılarından biri olduğunu göstermektedir.
Description
Analyzing Otto Wagner’s Postsparkasse Interior Design in
the Context of Modernism
ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the architect Otto Wagner’s Postsparkasse building’s (1903- 1912) facades, interiors of the Entrance Hall, the Big Cash Hall, and the Small Cash Hall in Vienna at the beginning of the 20th century. The thesis is aimed to investigate the reflections of the interaction between the art, design, and architectural atmosphere of the era and the and the industrial developments to the design elements in the examined areas of Postsparkasse. Secondly, it is aimed to analyze the effects of the newly developed banking systems in Vienna along with the industrial revolution on this design, and the coordination between the bank’s working process and space organization. In this context, the progression of art and architecture in Vienna during the transition from the 19th century to the 20th century was explained. Later brief information about developments of production techniques and materials after the industrial revolution and the advancements of the banking systems in the city was given. Next, the life and works of Otto Wagner and his studies on modernism were described. After these explanations, Postsparkasse’s facades, interiors of the Entrance Hall, the Big Cash Hall, and the Small Cash Hall in the mezzanine floor were examined in the ways of spacial organizations, constructional elements, interior components, etc. The facade designs were included to express the reflections of the building’s general specifications to the interior design. Wagner’s hand drawings for the project design and quotes about modern architecture were mentioned. It is thought that Wagner took into account the spatial needs of the period he was in in the interior designs of this building. At the end of the thesis, it was determined that the industrial developments in terms of materials, production techniques, and building systems were used in the facade and interior design of the building, and functionality was prioritized depending on the needs of the users in space designs and organizations. These qualities show that the Postsparkasse building is one of the predecessors of modern architecture.
ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the architect Otto Wagner’s Postsparkasse building’s (1903- 1912) facades, interiors of the Entrance Hall, the Big Cash Hall, and the Small Cash Hall in Vienna at the beginning of the 20th century. The thesis is aimed to investigate the reflections of the interaction between the art, design, and architectural atmosphere of the era and the and the industrial developments to the design elements in the examined areas of Postsparkasse. Secondly, it is aimed to analyze the effects of the newly developed banking systems in Vienna along with the industrial revolution on this design, and the coordination between the bank’s working process and space organization. In this context, the progression of art and architecture in Vienna during the transition from the 19th century to the 20th century was explained. Later brief information about developments of production techniques and materials after the industrial revolution and the advancements of the banking systems in the city was given. Next, the life and works of Otto Wagner and his studies on modernism were described. After these explanations, Postsparkasse’s facades, interiors of the Entrance Hall, the Big Cash Hall, and the Small Cash Hall in the mezzanine floor were examined in the ways of spacial organizations, constructional elements, interior components, etc. The facade designs were included to express the reflections of the building’s general specifications to the interior design. Wagner’s hand drawings for the project design and quotes about modern architecture were mentioned. It is thought that Wagner took into account the spatial needs of the period he was in in the interior designs of this building. At the end of the thesis, it was determined that the industrial developments in terms of materials, production techniques, and building systems were used in the facade and interior design of the building, and functionality was prioritized depending on the needs of the users in space designs and organizations. These qualities show that the Postsparkasse building is one of the predecessors of modern architecture.
Keywords
interior architecture and environmental design