11 EYLÜL SONRASI DÖNEM VE DEĞİŞEN YENİ DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE STRATEJİK GÜVENLİK BAĞLAMINDA DOĞU AKDENİZ'DE İNGİLİZ ÜSLERİ
Date
2015-06-27
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Abstract
Tarihin her döneminde göçler ve sorunlar adası olarak bilinen Kıbrıs adası
özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında İngiltere’nin Ortadoğu’daki kalıcı tesislerini
kapatması ve buralardaki askeri gücünü adaya yığmasının ardından bir ileri karakol
olarak görev yapmaya başlar. 16 Ağustos 1960 tarihinde İngiltere, Yunanistan ve
Türkiye’nin garantörlüğünde kurulan Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti ile birlikte İngiltere adadaki
haklarından vazgeçerken stratejik öneme sahip iki hükümran askeri üs yanında bazı
askeri tesisleri ve alanları da kendine ayırmayı ihmal etmez. Yıllar sonra Kıbrıs
Cumhuriyeti ile ilgili garanti anlaşmalarının Kıbrıslı Rumlar ve Türkler için değil
İngiltere’nin menfaatleri için hazırlandığı da tartışmaya açılacak bir konu olur. Bugün
gelinen noktada ise Doğu Akdeniz’de son derece stratejik bir pozisyonda bulunan
Kıbrıs adasında İngiltere’nin Dikelya ve Agrotur üsleri yanında ABD tarafından
kullanılmakta olan bazı askeri tesisler ve dinleme istasyonları söz konusudur. Her iki
ülkenin Echelon adı verilen ve neredeyse bütün dünyayı takip etmelerine imkân
sağlayan bu telekulak sistemi yanında Ayios Nicholaos bölgesinde, ayrıca ABD
Büyükelçilik binasında ve Trodos Dağlarında da istihbarat ağları ve sinyal istihbaratına
yarayan tesisleri bulunmaktadır. Sanayi casusluğu, ekonomik ve askeri istihbarat
yanında ABD, İngiltere ve müttefikleri tarafından zaman zaman farklı askeri
operasyonlar için de kullanılan Dikelya ve Agrotur üsleri özellikle ABD’nin
vazgeçmeyeceği tesisler arasındadır. Özellikle 11 Eylül 2011 tarihinde El Kaide’nin
ABD’de gerçekleştirdiği saldırılar ardından başta ABD ve müttefikleri olmak üzere
bütün Batı dünyası ve şüphesiz NATO’nun da savunma ve güvenlik stratejilerini
değiştirmesine neden olmuştur. Böylece ABD ve İngiltere özellikle Doğu Akdeniz’de
savunma ve güvenlik bağlamında yeni arayışlara girmeye başlamıştır. Bu durum
adadaki üsleri ve istihbarat merkezlerini ise olmazsa olmaz haline getirmiştir.
Description
BRITISH SOVEREIGN BASES IN THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN IN
THE NEW CHANGING WORLD AFTER 11ST SEPTEMBER 2001
ABSTRACT: The island of Cyprus is known as that of the immigrations and the problems throughout the history. The fact that the United Kingdom has closed down all the military bases and the permanent headquarters in the Middle East and transferred all the military logistics and the military personnel to Cyprus turns the island to be a forward post. The United Kingdom has given up all his rights on the island after the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus with the guarantee of Turkey, Greece and the United Kingdom on August 16, 1960, but has restrained and kept two important and strategic sovereign bases in addition to some military areas and the facilities on the island. Years later, it is regarded by most that the Guarantee Agreements have been prepared and signed not to protect the rights of Turkish Cypriots and those of the Greek Cypriots on the island but to protect the privileges and the rights of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom currently has two sovereign military bases named Akrotiri and Dhekelia as well as some military areas and the facilities on the island used both by the UK and the USA. Both countries, moreover, have an observation, intelligence, espionage system to keep closely track of all the World easily named Echelon in addition to the radar antennas, signal intelligence systems located at Trodos Mountains, in Ayios Nicholaos and at the US Embassy in Nicosia (in Greek Cypriot part of the city.)In addition to the espionage, economy and military intelligence, Akrotiri and Dhekelia sovereign military bases are also used to be the forward post for the USA and the UK for some military operations, and are accepted to be top priority, in particular, for the USA. The attacks carried out by Al Qaeda at the World Trade Center, at Pentagon in New York and Washington DC in 11st September 2001 have all forced the USA, the UK, the Western World, and surely NATO to consider and to change all their defense and security concepts. Then the UK, and the USA have started searching for new ways of security and the defense especially in the Eastern Mediterranean, and such a situation has caused the British bases and the intelligence stations on the island to be very critical, top priority and unyielding.
ABSTRACT: The island of Cyprus is known as that of the immigrations and the problems throughout the history. The fact that the United Kingdom has closed down all the military bases and the permanent headquarters in the Middle East and transferred all the military logistics and the military personnel to Cyprus turns the island to be a forward post. The United Kingdom has given up all his rights on the island after the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus with the guarantee of Turkey, Greece and the United Kingdom on August 16, 1960, but has restrained and kept two important and strategic sovereign bases in addition to some military areas and the facilities on the island. Years later, it is regarded by most that the Guarantee Agreements have been prepared and signed not to protect the rights of Turkish Cypriots and those of the Greek Cypriots on the island but to protect the privileges and the rights of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom currently has two sovereign military bases named Akrotiri and Dhekelia as well as some military areas and the facilities on the island used both by the UK and the USA. Both countries, moreover, have an observation, intelligence, espionage system to keep closely track of all the World easily named Echelon in addition to the radar antennas, signal intelligence systems located at Trodos Mountains, in Ayios Nicholaos and at the US Embassy in Nicosia (in Greek Cypriot part of the city.)In addition to the espionage, economy and military intelligence, Akrotiri and Dhekelia sovereign military bases are also used to be the forward post for the USA and the UK for some military operations, and are accepted to be top priority, in particular, for the USA. The attacks carried out by Al Qaeda at the World Trade Center, at Pentagon in New York and Washington DC in 11st September 2001 have all forced the USA, the UK, the Western World, and surely NATO to consider and to change all their defense and security concepts. Then the UK, and the USA have started searching for new ways of security and the defense especially in the Eastern Mediterranean, and such a situation has caused the British bases and the intelligence stations on the island to be very critical, top priority and unyielding.
Keywords
international relations