TÜRKİYE’DE SOL HAREKETLERİN EVRİMİ VE BAŞARISIZLIK NEDENLERİ
Date
2020-10-10
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Abstract
Türkiye'de çok partili hayata geçildiği ilk günden bu yana yüzlerce parti açıl dı, yüzlerce parti kapandı. Elde edilen bilgiler sonucunda, sağ partilerin hegemonya sı, çok partili yaşamın ilk gününden bu yana mutlak üstünlük ile devam etmiştir.
Osmanlı'nın 600 yıllık mutlak hâkimiyeti sırasında, tek kişilik otoritenin ağırlığı her
zaman halkın arkasındaydı, ancak bu mutlak kural halkın tüm kesimleri tarafından
kabul edilmedi. Osmanlı dönemindeki ayaklanmalara ve bakarsak, ekonomik, dini ve
siyasi nedenlerin varlığını görürüz. Böylece, bu algının yok edildiği döneme ayak
uydurmuş bir Türkiye Cumhuriyetinde, sol görüşe karşı baskı, çok partili yaşamın
başlamasından bu yana her hükümetin kullandığı bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
Anadolu’da 2. Meşrutiyet döneminden itibaren " ilk sol hareketler görülmeye baş lanmış, Geç Osmanlı, Milli Mücadele, Tek Parti dönemi ve çok partili dönem olarak
devam etmiştir. Arkasındaki entelektüel yapısıyla hafife alınmayacak bir tarihe sahip
olan bu ideoloji, 1977 Ecevit hükümeti dışında Türkiye'deki ciddi başarılar ve mutlak
bir hâkimiyet kazanamamıştır. Türkiye’de sol hareketlerin evrimi ve iktidar olama masının altındaki başarısızlık nedenleri tek bir nedenle açıklanamayacak kadar geniş
bir perspektif çizmektedir. Merkez-çevre teorisi, Din algısı, Türk toplum yapısı,
ekonomik faktörler, solun kendi içindeki sıkıntılar olmak üzere birçok bağlamıyla
oluşturulan bu tezde, birçok soruya cevap aramıştır. Araştırmalar sonucunda, sol ide olojinin tarihsel bağlamında hangi fikirlerin var olduğu, nasıl geliştiği ve ülkemize
nasıl yansıdığı konusunda birçok gözlem yapılmıştır. Bunlardan en önemlisi, Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşundan bu yana solun her zaman, ‘’iktidarı tehdit eden, her
dönemde baskı altında tutulan ve genel olarak sorunlarını açıklayamayan bir ideoloji
olarak görülmesidir.’’ Ayrıca Sovyetler ile Türkiye arasındaki anlaşmazlık Türki ye’de solun gelişimini mutlak ölçüde etkilemiştir.
Description
Evolution of the Leftmovementin Turkey andtheration aleforfailure
ABSTARCT: Since the first day of the adoption of parliamentary democracy in Turkey, hundreds of parties have opened and hundredshave closed. As a result of the infor mationobtained, the hegemony of the rightparties has continued with absolut esupe riority since the first day of multiparty life. Duringthe 600 years of Ottoman's absolu te dominance, the weight of one-man Authoritywasalways on the back of the people, but this absolut erulewas not adoptedbyallsections of the people. If we look at the uprising sandrevolts in the Ottoman period, weseetheexistence of economic, religio usand political reasons. Thus, in a Republic of Turkey that has keptpacewiththe period in which this perception was destroyed, repression againsttheleftview has emerged as a methodusedbyeverygovernment since the multiparty life began. Anato lian geography "2.During the constitution alera" the first left istmovements startedto be seen,Late Ottoman, National Struggle, Single-party periodand Multi-party period continued. This ideology, which has a history that is not to be underest imated withit sintellectualstructurebehind it, has paid a lot of pricetomeetwiththepeople in Turke youtside of the Ecevit government of 1977 and has had its bitter consequences. Of course, the problem of theleft'sinabilityto be in power is explainedwithmorethanone result, which is a matterthat has toomuchdepthto be explainedwithoneanswer. Thist hesis, whichwascreated in thecontext of center-environmenttheory, soughtanswers tomanyquestions. As a result of research, manyobservationshavebeenreac hedaboutwhatideasthereare in thehistoricalcontext of leftistideology, how theyhave developedand how theyarereflected in ourcountry. The most important of these is that since theestablishment of theRepublic of Turkey, theLeft has always been seen as an ideology that threatens power, which has beenpressed on in everyperio dandwhich has neverbeenabletoexplainitsproblems in general.
ABSTARCT: Since the first day of the adoption of parliamentary democracy in Turkey, hundreds of parties have opened and hundredshave closed. As a result of the infor mationobtained, the hegemony of the rightparties has continued with absolut esupe riority since the first day of multiparty life. Duringthe 600 years of Ottoman's absolu te dominance, the weight of one-man Authoritywasalways on the back of the people, but this absolut erulewas not adoptedbyallsections of the people. If we look at the uprising sandrevolts in the Ottoman period, weseetheexistence of economic, religio usand political reasons. Thus, in a Republic of Turkey that has keptpacewiththe period in which this perception was destroyed, repression againsttheleftview has emerged as a methodusedbyeverygovernment since the multiparty life began. Anato lian geography "2.During the constitution alera" the first left istmovements startedto be seen,Late Ottoman, National Struggle, Single-party periodand Multi-party period continued. This ideology, which has a history that is not to be underest imated withit sintellectualstructurebehind it, has paid a lot of pricetomeetwiththepeople in Turke youtside of the Ecevit government of 1977 and has had its bitter consequences. Of course, the problem of theleft'sinabilityto be in power is explainedwithmorethanone result, which is a matterthat has toomuchdepthto be explainedwithoneanswer. Thist hesis, whichwascreated in thecontext of center-environmenttheory, soughtanswers tomanyquestions. As a result of research, manyobservationshavebeenreac hedaboutwhatideasthereare in thehistoricalcontext of leftistideology, how theyhave developedand how theyarereflected in ourcountry. The most important of these is that since theestablishment of theRepublic of Turkey, theLeft has always been seen as an ideology that threatens power, which has beenpressed on in everyperio dandwhich has neverbeenabletoexplainitsproblems in general.
Keywords
public administration and political science