Department of Translation and Interpretation
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Item Strategies to Overcome Challenges in Technical Translation(2010-07-26) TEKİR, Ümit; AKSOY, N. BerrinWith globalization the translation of technical texts gained an importance. Translation of technical texts require deep knowledge about the subject matter since both in the source and target text a specialized language is used. Specialized language necessitates a competency in terminology and a number of strategies can be used by the translators to overcome the challenges that may arise during the process of translation. The purpose of this thesis is to put forth the strategies that can be employed in technical translation to overcome the challenges with providing an outline both from the history of technical translation and from the theories reletad to translation. Special importance is given to the characteristics of technical texts, to the language used in these texts and to their text types. Functionalist Approaches are considered to be important in technical translation for achieving a functional result and three sample texts with their translations are analyzed within the scope of functionalist approaches. Strategies like borrowing, particularization, description and establishing equivalances in the target language are identified in the translations of the sample texts.Item HISTORY AND TRANSLATION: A STUDY ON THE HISTORY OF TECHNICAL TRANSLATION IN TURKEY(2012-07-25) ATAY, Nuh Naci; AKSOY, N. BerrinIn the globalized world, with the advancement of technology and increasing demand for technical communication, technical translation gained a significant importance. Today, in the world, technical translation comprises almost 90 % percent of the world’s total translation and this situation necessitates attention to be given to the context of technical translation from a multi-dimensional viewpoint. Within this context, the relation between History and Translation come to the fore in terms of recording of the past events and characters in chronological and geographical order in terms of making a study on the workings of technical translation. On the other hand technical translation has been of secondary importance in a Translation Studies corpus. Thanks to academic studies and surveys, and the growing demand for technical translation and the technical writing, technical translation with all its historical and linguistic aspects has began to be taken up by and large. Framed by such a background, this thesis aims to make a study on the history and development of technical translation in Turkey. It begins from the Ottomans and focuses on the relation between History and Translation for a theoretical background and moves from there to make a survey of how technical translation developed and took place in Turkey dating back to Seljuks and the Ottomans, and all the way into the Turkish Republic.Item A MODEL FOR TECHNICAL TRANSLATION TRAINING IN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSLATION & INTERPRETATION IN LINE WITH TRANSLATION MARKET REQUIREMENTS IN TURKEY(2013-06-15) ATİLA, Oğuzhan; ERTON, İsmailIn parallel with the rapidly improving and changing nature of science and technology, technical translation has a leading role in meeting the requirements and demands of the global industry. One of the pillars of this function is characterized by technical translation training in universities. This study aims to reveal the challenges experienced in universities and translation market for catching up on technical translation, and to put forward a model as a medium to lay a bridge. In order to get most satisfactory and reliable outcomes, two questionnaires were conducted with senior students at university departments of translation and interpretation, and translators from the translation market. Besides, three instructors teaching technical translation were interviewed to get more reliable results. A comprehensive analysis was carried out in the light of relevant data and the findings were discussed from different perspectives relating to the views and attitudes of future translators / interpreters, the scope of translator training within university curriculum, requirements and demands of the translation market. This study is expected to give rise to futher research in this field.Item GENDER AND TRANSLATION: A CASE OF JEANETTE WINTERSON(2013-08-14) KOCABAY, Funda Gül; ERTON, İsmailThe purpose of this thesis is to search out how the gender-based expressions used by a feminist and postmodernist author have been reflected in the target language in which it was translated by a feminist and postmodernist-oriented translator without any omissions or censorships. First of all, literary translation and its problems are discussed briefly; after that gender and translation notions, and the relation between them are touched upon. This study is carried in order to search out how gender oriented discourse was translated into Turkish. Jeanette Winterson, who is a feminist and postmodernist writer, and Pınar Kür, who translated Winterson's works into Turkish, are chosen for the analysis. It is observed that the original work and the translated one provided the same atmosphere in terms of gender, and the gender based discourse is protected in the translation of Jeanette Winterson's Sexing the Cherry into Turkish. In conlusion, there was no manipulation or censorship in the translation of Pınar Kür, the style of Winterson can be easily observed in the target language.Item TRANSLATION OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: A STUDY ON KELOĞLAN MASALLARI AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH(2014-03-09) DİREN, Nuriye; AKSOY, Nüzhet BerrinThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze folktales within children’s literature and to shed some light on their translations. With this purpose, among Keloğlan Masalları “Keloğlan and the Magician” and “Keloğlan and Ooh-Geene” are chosen. The tales are analyzed in terms of Lawrence Venuti’s domestication and foreignization. However, Vinay and Darbalnet’s procedures of translation are taken into consideration in the process of analyzing the translation techniques of Keloğlan Masalları into English. In the result of the study, it is concluded that, as the translation process is made from non-dominant culture to dominant culture, and the main purpose of translating is to introduce Turkish culture to Western Cultures; in order to emphasize cultural, historical, or linguistic features of source text, foreignization is mostly used.Item CRITERIA AND THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF OPERA LIBRETTI TRANSLATION INTO TURKISH(2014-03-10) ŞENOL ÖZDEMİR, Merve; ŞAHİN SOY, ÖzlemOpera was created in order to express emotions via the power of words and music and this thesis discusses the criteria and the important aspects of opera libretti translation into a target language, in this case, into Turkish. Moreover, the operas that have been translated, their translators and the years when they were translated shall also be put forward. In this study, first, the surfacing of opera in Europe shall be looked into briefly and then its emergence in the Ottoman Empire due to the Westernization process and development in the early years of the Republic of Turkey due to forming a new country of Western values, culture and understanding shall be mentioned. Secondly, some theoretical approaches to translating opera libretti in terms of hybrid-text type and the location of translation and translated opera libretti in the Ottoman and Turkish literary polysystem from the point of Polysystem theory shall be discussed. Then, the results of the interviews which were in ‘survey’ design method and carried out by five opera performers working in Ankara State Opera and Ballet shall be discussed in light of the information gained from the scholars and theoreticians of the field.Item LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DIFFICULTIES IN THE TRANSLATION OF TOURISM BROCHURES(2014-09-07) DOĞAN, Rabia; ERTON, İsmailThe purpose of this study is to indicate the lexical and semantic difficulties stemmed from cultural elements in translating tourism texts from Turkish to English in line with linguistics and translation studies, and to identify the features of tourism discourse. Despite advances in computer and information technology, the brochures are still indispensible device of advertising in tourism sector and remain a popular and frequently used information source for tourists. In this sense, tourism discourse and translation of turism texts can be considered as a specialised type of cross cultural communication. The translation of tourism language has the mediation role in disseminating and promoting culture, and appreciating cultural disparities. Within this framework; owning to intangible readership and heterogeneous nature of tourism, translation of tourist brochures, as one of the promotional materials, are required for high-quality translation to achieve an adequate and approriate communication process between target culture and its readers. In this study, the special characteristics of tourism language and discourse are scrutinized, the place of tourism translation in the theory of translation studies is disscussed. Furthermore, within the scope of linguistics lexical and semantic difficulties encountered in translating tourism texts along with the strategies applied to cope with these difficulties are sought for and attempted to be classified with ten tourism brochures published and issued by the Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkey.Item A STUDY ON THE COMMUNICATIVE AND SEMANTIC TRANSLATION METHODS IN THE TRANSLATION OF THE EU TEXTS(2014-10-07) KARAASLAN, Aslıhan; AKSOY, BerrinThe European Union is recognized with its efforts uniting its member states and citizens under the same roof. Freedom, justice and security in the frame of sustainable development for the economic growth with full employment are the aims of establishment of European monetary union. In this respect, promotion and protection of the Union values such as peace, economical development, mutual respect and mutual understanding between people aiming at the observation of human rights, especially thanks to the interlinguistics and intercultural communication within the politics of multilingualism in the EU, integration of international laws are carried out. The language policy of the European Union is shaped by the obligation of being equal for all official languages both in original texts and in their translations. The translator’s competence comes into play in this process which helps to ensure the accuracy and validity of translations rendered in Member States and in Turkey. This is ensured by some important elements such as education and training, translation skills, ability of meeting the expectations of translation of the EU texts. In this thesis, communicative and semantic translation methods, as general translation methods, have been introduced through some samples and by comparison of communicative and semantic translation methods including EU texts’ functions and their effects in the target text. Add to this in the study, communicative and semantic translation methods are handled according to some approaches and strategies based on dynamic, formal and functionality. Hence, this thesis is grounded on the hybrid translation method’s applicability and efficiency in translation of the EU texts by combining two translation approaches named foreignization and domestication. As a result, it is seen that the use of communicative and semantic translation methods together called as “Hybrid Translation Method” which plays an important role in converging the target text to the source text to achieve the harmonization of national laws with EU laws.Item THE ROLE OF GENDER IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION(2015-01-30) HİLMİOĞLU, Burak; AKSOY, BerrinThe difference of language use amongst genders has become an issue the day linguistic studies have started to intersect with gender studies. It has been put forward that there are gender based influences in language use. However, when translation studies has become a multidisciplinary field, the curiosity about whether gender based language use preferences take part in translation works or not has become an issue. Since there will be several translations of the works by different translators that belong to different genders, in this study, the focus is to find out whether these translations by different translators that belong to different genders might affect the target language and might cause the readers to form a subjective point of view. In order to find out the gender based differences in the translation works, four books, translated by both male and female translators, are analyzed to see if gender has an impact on translation process. As a result of the study, after the analysis made, it has been concluded as not gender in particular however, other external factors such as ideology, religion and economy, might affect the translation works. Since there has not any significant proof found that shows gender might affect the translation works significantly, it is possible to accept this conclusion considering the analysis made.Item AN ANALYSIS OF THE REFLECTIONS OF FOUR LANGUAGE SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING ON TRANSLATION STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL(2015-06-25) Birim TOPGÜL, Zeynep; ERTON, İsmailThere are particularly important reasons why people need to learn a foreign language. In order to be able to learn a language entirely, the language is practiced through four language skills which are; reading, writing, listening and speaking. In this study, the specification of the influences of two certain teaching methods, which are Grammar Translation Method and Functional Translation Method, in the improvement of the four language skills of language learning process was analyzed. Moreover, the role of mother tongue and the stages of translation by means of four skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) of language learning was examined. This study focuses on the translation-oriented methods that both instructors and learners apply and the translation process that learners practice with language. Eventually, by linking language teaching and translation together, the way that students transfer a message from one language to another in terms of these four language learning skills becomes the main focus of this study. In order to identify and analyse how language learning skills influence the way students translate the language from one into another, a quantitative research was carried out and data was collected via a questionnaire related to the topic. The questionnaire was distributed to the second and the fourth year students of Hacettepe and Atılım Universities’ Translation and Interpretation departments. Findings show that for a reasonable percentage of both the second and the fourth year students, the native language and the native culture play a more dominant role when translating the language through reading, writing, listening and speaking processes. Hence, they tend to think in the native language and apply the native language rules and structures first while transferring a message from one language to another.Item LEVEL OF EQUIVALENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF BRITISH AND TURKISH LEGAL TEXTS(2017-01-07) KAÇAN, Aylin; AKIN, ÖzgeIn our globalized world, the international relations for various purposes between the people or the States are conducted within the framework of the legal rules. The importance of legal translation in the establishment of these relations, in their soundness, and in their continuity is undeniable, since every State has her own legal rules and the translation of these rules into different languages has become a necessity in order to establish such relations. However, the fact that the legal texts include culture-specific legal terms and concepts, and the difficulty of transferring these into the target language correctly has brought up the problem of equivalence. Therefore, knowing the sources of the differences in the legal systems, knowing the difficulties in the legal translation and using the appropriate methods and techniques in the translation process are of capital importance in establishing equivalence in the legal translations. The objective of this thesis is to determine the level of equivalence in the translation of British and Turkish legal texts and to ensure equivalence for the legal terms and concepts with no equivalents by using various translation methods. The present study concentrates on the problems arising from the differences of the legal systems in the translation of the legal texts belonging to the British and the Turkish legal systems, which are based on the Anglo-Saxon Law and the Civil Law. Since these problems arise most frequently in the translation of the legal terms and concepts, this study presents solutions through various translation methods for some legal terms and concepts determined to have no equivalence in some branches of law. In this study, opinions of translation theorists defending functionality are included. For this reason, descriptive method is a method used for this study. Moreover, since the British and Turkish legal texts and their legal terminologies are analyzed comparatively, the contrastive method is also used in this study. In consequence of this study, it is concluded that some legal terms and concepts which have no equivalence in the target language can be translated into the target language through various translation methods. Besides word-for-word translation, it is observed that the methods such as finding functional equivalence, paraphrasing, borrowing, neologism, translator’s note and using source language term with its equivalents from the other legal languages of the same legal family in the target text could be useful in solving the equivalence problem.Item A DESCRIPTIVE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CENSORSHIP IN THE TURKISH TRANSLATIONS OF JACK KEROUAC’S ON THE ROAD(2020) GÖKAYAZ, Başak Pırıl; HASTÜRKOĞLU, GökçenThis study aims to reveal the parts censored in the Turkish translations of Jack Kerouac’s On The Road (1951). In this study, it is benefited from Descriptive Explanatory Translation Studies (DETS), Toury’s Norms, and Andre Lefevere’s “Translation as Rewriting” by taking into consideration the agents like publishers, translators, editors, and target readers as well as sociocultural structures such as norms, values, ideologies and power relations. Jack Kerouac’s On The Road is selected as the case study of this thesis because the novel is censored both in America and Turkey to make the novel appropriate for the target readers. The fifty examples which are arbitrarily chosen from the original scroll of On The Road and two different Turkish translations are analyzed. The censorship analysis of the words, sentences, and paragraphs is conducted under the four categories which are omission, addition, deletion, and rewriting. The results demonstrate that, the novel translated into Turkish in 1993, has censorship more than the 2019 translation. It is revealed that in the investigated parts, the deletion as a strategy to censor in On The Road is applied more than the other three strategies. The agents’ perspectives, and the sociocultural structures such as norms, values and ideologies throughout the translation periods are observed to have a big influence on the censorship which is applied to both source and target language.Item THE ARABIC TRANSLATION OF CULTURE SPECIFIC ITEMS IN THE AFRICAN POSTCOLONIAL NOVEL THINGS FALL APART(2020-09-07) SERMOUNE, Meriem; OKYAVUZ, Ayşe ŞirinThis thesis investigates the translation of culture-specific items (CSI) from English into Arabic in the African postcolonial novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. Things Fall Apart is translated by the Arab Jordanian translator Sameer Ezzat under the tittle تتداعى أشياء .This study has been conducted under Paul Bandia’s tripartite approach to postcolonial texts. Firstly, the author’s strategies in portraying the CSIs such as customs, material culture, and ecology into the colonizer’s language were analysed. Then, the translator’s strategies in rendering these culture-specific items into the target language Arabic were discussed. In the original postcolonial text, Achebe used various CSIs to highlight the African essence in the European language. Achebe employed different strategies such as cushioning to portray the CSIs in the postcolonial text and make the hybrid text clearer. On the other hand, Sameer Ezzat, in translating CSIs into Arabic used a literal translation strategy in most of his translations to keep the author's original idea and intentions in the target text. However, the translator’s choice may make the translated CSIs ambiguous for the target reader. Translating culture-specific elements in the postcolonial text is crucial since there is no culture overlap between two languages in most cases. The lack of cultural knowledge affects the translation and may make it ambiguous and inaccurate for the target reader.Item DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING CULTURE SPECIFIC TERMS FROM ARABIC INTO ENGLISH: THE PROBLEM OF EQUIVALENCE(2020-10-07) MAHMOOD, Harith Abdullah; ERTON, Halil İbrahimThis study aims to highlight the concept of cultural translation, its strategies, its impact and its role in cultural exchange and to identify the problems faced by the translator in the translation process. In order to produce a clear and understandable translation in the target language, the study showed the most important problems that face the translator. The study also discussed the most important methods used in cultural translation to facilitate the task of translation. In this research, a qualitative method is preferred. This study was conducted via collecting cultural samples and translating them by using the cultural translation methods. The used method in this study resulted in reducing the errors and avoiding the problems that face the translator, especially the problem of equivalence.Item POETRY TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF MAHMOUD DARWISH’S MURAL TRANSLATIONS(2020-10-12) BADRAN, Khalid S. K.; SUÇİN, Mehmet HakkıIn this thesis, discussing and analysing Darwish's Mural along with the problems and strategies of translating it into English and assessing the extent to which these strategies are acceptable is sought. In other words, this study is more of a structural analysis as it goes on to provides a detailed full explanation of Mural, the techniques used in its writing, in addition to its content, and its characteristics. Furthermore, the quality of the translations done by Berger and Hammami on the one hand, and Fady Joudah on the other, will be analysed as to whom was more accurate in depicting the poet‘s messages more effectively on a lexical, and thematic levels among others. The study goes on to offer a thorough analysis of the translation process and decisions taken during the translation, to assess the better translation. The paper concluded that, Berger and Hammami did not preserve the style of the author, nor norms of the target language, which might be due to individual choices. While, Joudah tried as much as possible, in his translation, to stick to the original which is a great advantage for him. But still, Berger and Hammami's translation moved and conveyed some of the culture related techniques i.e. intertextuality in a slightly better way, which might be due to their wider cultural knowledge especially of the TL culture.Item REQUIREMENTS OF THE SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION FOR THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL IN SYRIA(2020-11-14) NAJI, Qutaiba; HASTÜRKOĞLU, GökçenSimultaneous interpretation is considered as a bridge that facilitates communication in multilingual international events. At the moment, Syria needs a good number of simultaneous interpreters due to the increase in the number of international events that have been held in and about the country. The real demand is for qualified interpreters and the adequate quality of education on simultaneous interpreting. However, Syrian universities lack providing education on simultaneous interpretation. There is a need to define the requirements and skills that can be used in the creation of programs for simultaneous interpreting. The purpose of this thesis is to come up with suggestions for course descriptions for the requirements of simultaneous interpreting in the English department, Idleb University. The study is conducted by using unstructured interviews with the guidance of open-ended questions and the study population is fifty academic lecturers in the English department. The results demonstrate that the SI course is thought to cover two semesters with the first semester covering introductory sections and the second involving advanced simultaneous interpreting training. Assessment is carried out using assignments and examinations. The working languages for the course include Arabic and English. The curriculum includes various topics of interpretation on psychology, communication skills, relevant skills required for the simultaneous interpretation such as using technology, and professional and ethical behavior, etc.Item A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION OF TERMINOLOGY IN HEALTH MINISTRY TEXTS(2021-08-09) ERDURAN AKKAYA, Zeynep Sema; HASTÜRKOĞLU, GökçenThe new world order, multilingualism, globalization, and technological developments affect institutions deeply. The institutions are faced with continuous development and change and adapting to this change and development in the same direction is very important in terms of expressing themselves correctly. As a result of these developments, it is observed that institutions tend to institutionalize more and institutions begin to create their corporate language structure and institutional translation strategies. The institution's creation of its terminology within the institutional language structure is one of the factors contributing to institutionalization. The creation of institutional terminology ensures that a common language is created for the organization to express itself accurately. In this period when institutional language studies are just beginning to gain popularity, terminology studies conducted by the institution create an environment where the institution can express itself correctly and accurately, and a standardized and consistent environment can be produced in the institutional language structure. This thesis aims to raise awareness about the need for accurate and standardized terminology by analyzing the methods used in terminology translation in the texts of the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan, in which borrowing and literal translation methods are generally used and non standardized terms exist. The terms were analyzed in line with the translation theories of Vinay and Darbelnet. For this purpose, the terminologies in the Strategic Plan were searched in detail both in the source text and in the target text, and the identified terms were recorded with their English equivalents. The equivalents of the examined terms in the target language were analyzed at the lexical and syntactic levels. Finally, it was emphasized that there is a need for a comprehensive terminology for the standard use of terms within the institutional language structure of the Ministry of Health and that the creation of a terminology database will constitute an important function for institutional translation and terminology studies.Item A CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF ADVERTISEMENT TRANSLATION(2021-08-09) ŞEHİTOĞLU, Lokman; HASTÜRKOĞLU, GökçenDeveloping technology has increased the connection and relationship among societies in different parts of the world. This has created the need for the analysis of cross-cultural advertisement translation by taking the cultural and linguistic differences into account. Every society has its own different value judgements, perceptions, and ways of communication. In addition, the differences between two languages also involve in translation process and rise difficulties for translators. What is intended in any advertisement created in the original culture may not be reflected properly in another culture because of these differences. The intention is hidden behind sentences and can be understood when it is analyzed in the context where it is uttered, so it is of high importance to analyze the sentences in terms of the functionalist approach. This study aims to reveal the commonly adopted translation methods and approaches in the selected advertisement translations from English to Turkish. This study also targets at looking for the cultural and linguistic elements involving in the international advertising translations and commonly used strategies and methods that the translators apply for by considering the factors that lead translators to use them in the translation process within the framework of Veronica Smith, Christine Klein Braley and Anna F. Guerra’s translation methods. In the study, the four main elements (brand/product names, slogans, advertisement texts, and messages/visuals) of advertisements and the ways of their expression in Turkish have been analyzed considering the globalization and localization approaches. By putting all these features in the center, a general framework has been tried to be drawn for cross-cultural advertisement translation from English to Turkish in this study.Item A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CENSORSHIP ON OSCAR WILDE’S THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY’S EARLIEST AND THE LATEST TRANSLATIONS(2021-09-07) BAŞARAN, Nilay; ERTON, Halil İsmailCensorship is a phenomenon that can be encountered in different forms, places and times, starting with the language to today’s world. This frequently used method mostly in politics can be applied in translations as a preference of the translators or as a necessity that can be shaped by the requirements of a specific time. The effects of the censorship applied to the original also known as the source text both before and after its publication, especially because of the connection with homosexuality on social, cultural and religious aspects, had not been known until the uncensored version of the book was published 120 years later. The change of the traditional perspective, the increase on sexual awareness to a large extent all over the world with the contribution of the studies done in the fields of sexual identities and social responsibilities helped the publication of the novel, the uncensored The Picture of Dorian Gray, with the author’s first emotions, expressions and messages he wanted to convey to his readers as they were in the first place. The argument defended in this thesis is that, with the contribution of the first uncensored translation first translated by Ülker İnce in 2014, the analize with the examples and discussions on the differences arising from the censorship applied directly to the English (source) text of the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the consequences of the censorship on the earliest censored translation in 1938 and the first uncensored Turkish translation in 2014. The differences between the censored and the uncensored texts were examined in parallel with the changes made in the original text, the semantic and holistic differences were discussed under sociocultural elements of both today and 120 years ago.Item TRANSLATION OF REGISTER IN TURKISH, AZERI, AND RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF J. D. SALINGER’S THE CATCHER IN THE RYE(2021-09-07) RAJABOVA, Ayla; SUÇİN, Mehmet HakkıThe study is compatible with the analysis of the Register analysis of J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, and deals with the differences in three different languages. The novel, translated with the titles The Catcher in the Rye, the English source text, Turkish Çavdar Tarlasında Çocuklar, Azeri Çovdarlıqda uçurumdan qoruyan and Russian Над пропастью во ржи has been analyzed in terms of register translation. Register translation was handled within the framework of Steiner's register model under three sub-variations, namely area, tenor, and format, and the difficulties faced by translators while translating this work or their ability to adapt to the text were analyzed. Both quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used as a research method, and content analysis was envisaged from qualitative data. In the study of register translation, Stainer’s model was taken as an example, and its relationship with branches such as context, genre and pragmatics was discussed, and syntax, grammar, and morphology were also examined. The Catcher in the Rye was examined in depth by sub-variations of the register titles by taking samples of the same part in three other languages, Turkish, Azeri and Russian, concerning the original content. In the findings explained with examples, the compatibility of all three languages with the Register analysis theory is discussed.
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